The Culture of Britishness Essay Example For Students

The Culture of Britishness Essay There is the question of the role of dialects, and indeed other languages, in British national identities that challenge the uniformity of the language. For Fairclough (1992:202) there is now a growing acceptance of accent and style variation in the language of Britain, a phenomenon that leads to an even greater emphasis on internal national differentiation. For Wallwork (1978:31) processes of differentiation involved in the everyday production of language have long been used to assign social standings to individuals and groups. We will write a custom essay on The Culture of Britishness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Perhaps the differences that occur in regional and social class dialects have traditionally been the most widely investigated (Edwards, 1976:23), but there is a growing trend towards studying other sub-forms of language, particularly those associated with ethnic groupings in the UK. Edwards (ibid:27) suggests, in line with Wallwork, that speech differences often help to locate the speaker in the appropriate social strata. This process of locating can be applied to people of various ages, genders, ethnic groups and social classes. In fact anyone who speaks can be socially located, through his or her use of language, in Britain today. An extreme example of this is found when a recent immigrant, with little or no knowledge of English, is immediately identified as a foreign other. There are, however, a multitude of other individuals and groups that maintain and adapt their otherness in terms of language in different ways. These people challenge the assumptions involved in some aspects of Britishness, by not only integrating some of their own cultural style and speech into everyday British language types, but also by switching their own use of language in response to the environments that they find themselves in (Wallwork, 1978:61). Such a phenomenon is witnessed in Britain by the adaptation of Afro-Caribbean Creole languages in day-to-day life. This creolised form of speech has been associated with bad English, in that it is often taken as a dialect of the standard form, but for Wallwork (ibid:64) it is unintelligible to most other English speakers. The fact that some Caribbean Creole languages are in fact derived, in part, from French further supports the argument that it is a language that is as different from English, as Italian is to Spanish (ibid). For the original immigrants who spoke Creole in the UK, it served as a one of the processes by which they were viewed as others by many in the white population. Dabydeen (1990:306) argues that the perception of a different culture coming into Britain, displayed by, amongst other factors, the strange otherness of speech, led to a continuation of the contempt for black culture that had been witnessed in colonial times. In response to this the children of these original immigrants adapted their parents Creole into an urban patois, which Dabydeen (ibid) sees as resistance to white domination. A similar response can be seen in reggae sound systems that use, or deliberately misuse, western technologies in order to re-create an essentially black phenomenon. By adapting and re-ordering Standard English through the medium of their parents Creole speech, young blacks are reacting against the dismissals of white language and all that it entails (ibid:307). The link between language and music can be seen in the 1970s and 1980s with the increased popularity of reggae music, as well as the Ras Tafari philosophy associated with it. By adopting this particular style, many young British-born Caribbeans also practiced the Jamaican patois that many of its practitioners spoke, and so the various Creoles of the Caribbean were gradually substituted for a more British-Jamaican form (Pollard, 1994). For Sebba and Tate (2002:78) this reason, alongside a shared experience of blackness in the UK, meant that the cultural expression found in the Jamaican based patois speech, was utilised by many in British-Caribbean communities, regardless of their origin. .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce , .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce .postImageUrl , .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce , .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce:hover , .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce:visited , .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce:active { border:0!important; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce:active , .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc1ba418c14f89ecb7871f737239e5fce:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Literary Criticism of John Steinbecks The Chysanth EssayAnother point here is that localised forms of English dialect are also used, and these are often interchanged with the patois depending on the nature of the conversation taking place. This represents an important factor in the use of language with regards to nation and culture, in that there exists a duality of British-Caribbean identities (ibid:77). Young blacks in particular may adopt the patois style when addressing each other in what can be said to be a discursive performance, and this also may be the case when attempting to achieve a local identity, such as in the workplace. The use language in this case is one that displays both local and global, or pan-Caribbean, identities. For British-Caribbeans, regional English dialects are used to designate the local, of being British, whereas the use of patois indicates a more global, but at the same time ethnic, identity (ibid:80). This is one particular example of where language is a key factor in constructing both ethnic and national identities in British society. In conclusion, language is used in order to both separate and unite people in social activities, and is therefore a vital method of categorisation in human behaviour. The term language can be used in a number of different ways. It can be a set of grammatical laws, something that has aesthetic value, or simply used as a metaphor. In terms of their application languages can aid the construction of identity, in that they mark out the other in terms of what belongs and what does not. In this sense languages can be associated with a particular locations, and so they are closely linked to ideas of the nation-state. Such nation-states often represent a hegemonic struggle that is bound up with the need for a formal grammar when communicating, and this was the case with the rise of English in the UK and its various colonies. In a manner that sought to cultivate both respect and prestige, English became a language of commerce and industry, as well as representing high culture and politics in the regions where it was spoken. The rise of English as a dominant British language, has seen the decline of other British languages, despite attempts to revive them, and also the Anglicisation of many colonies. In recent years, however, the way in which English has come to embody British national identity has been challenged by both the influx of other languages, and the threat to the standardisation of the language from new forms and styles of speech. The process of differentiation that allows English to demarcate the other is being adapted, as demonstrated by the British-Caribbean example, in order to deal with the multiple identities that exist within Britain today. The way in which language has affected such identities is therefore crucial to any notions of culture and nation in Britain. References Algeo, J. (1992) Sociolinguistic Attitudes and Issues in Contemporary Britain in Machan, T. W. Scott, C. T. (1992)(Eds) English in its Social Contexts: Essays in Historical Sociolinguistics Oxford: Oxford University Press Billig, M. (1995) Banal Nationalism London: Sage Chomsky, N. (1986) Knowledge of Language New York: Praeger Dabydeen, D. (1990) On not being Milton: Nigger talk in England today in Burke, L., Crowley, T. and Girvin, A. (2000) (Eds) The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory reader London: Routledge Day, D. (1998) Being Ascribed and Resisting, Membership of an Ethnic group in Antaki, C. Widdicombe, S. (1998) (Eds) Identities in Talk London: Sage Downes, W. (1998) (2nd Ed. ) Language and Society Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Edwards, A. D. (1976) Language in Culture and Class London: Heinemann Edwards, D. (1991) Categories are for talking in Theory and Psychology, 1, 515-42 Edwards, J.(1985) Language, Society and Identity Oxford: Basil Blackwell Fairclough, N. (1992) .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 , .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 .postImageUrl , .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 , .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5:hover , .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5:visited , .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5:active { border:0!important; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5:active , .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5 .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0af1e0dd91ef31590f50d625c67864a5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chinese Economic Reform (4822 words) EssayDiscourse and Social Change Cambridge: Polity Press Fishman, J. (1972) Language and Nationalism: Two Integrative Essays Rowley, MA: Newbury House Kachru, B. B. (1986) The Alchemy of English in Burke, L. , Crowley, T. and Girvin, A. (2000) (Eds) The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory reader London: Routledge Milroy, J. (1992) Linguistic Variation and Change Oxford: Basil Blackwell Paulin, T. (1983) A New Look at the Language Question in Burke, L. , Crowley, T.and Girvin, A. (2000) (Eds) The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory reader London: Routledge Pollard, V. (1994) Dread Talk Kingston, Jamaica: Canoe Press Sapir, E. (1933) Language cited in Downes, W. (1998) (2nd Ed. ) Language and Society Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Sebba, M. Tate, S. (2002) Global and Local Identities in the discourses of British-born Caribbeans The International Journal of Bilingualism, Vol. 6, No. 1 Stewart, W. A. (1968) The Functional Distribution of Creole and French in Haiti cited in Downes, W.(1998) (2nd Ed. ) Language and Society Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Snyder, L. L. (1976) Varieties of Nationalism: a Comparative Study cited in Billig, M. (1995) Banal Nationalism London: Sage Tate, S. (2005) Lecture notes on Whats Language got to do with it? taken from The Culture of Britishness at Manchester Metropolitan University Thomas, L. (1999) Attitudes to Language in Thomas, L. Wareing, S. (1999) (Eds) Language, Society and Power: An Introduction London: Routledge Wallwork, J. F. (1978) Language and People London: Heinemann.

How to Choose a Cheap, Reliable Essay Writing Service

How to Choose a Cheap, Reliable Essay Writing ServiceIt is indeed a good thing to be able to work with a cheap reliable essay writing service. You are going to write an essay which is the most essential part of your life, and if you do not know how to write it, you will only end up wasting time.So, you need to ensure that you make the best use of the course essay writing. If you really need help, you can go for professional help, but if you are already competent enough in the matter, you can also employ one.Before choosing a cheap reliable essay writing service, you should take note of the different elements that you need to consider. You should first see if the writer or company will be reliable enough in terms of your expected level of professionalism.Professional essay writers are usually expensive. There are lots of inexpensive essay writing services that can provide high quality writings. If you choose the latter option, you are definitely going to have problems regarding consis tency of your writing.Secondly, you need to check the sample of the writing you are about to get. The online sources are the best for checking for the sample of the writing. You can also ask friends for helping you find some samples to choose from.Thirdly, you need to see the reputation of the cheap reliable service provider, since there is no way that you can be sure that they are good enough in terms of quality. You can check on the social media sites and even check online testimonials.If possible, you should always choose a company that can give you some sort of guarantee so that you will be able to get the refund if something goes wrong with your work. Check their prices, too. Since it is a sample, you are sure to get the cheapest quote on the internet.Once you have decided which company you are going to get the quote from, you should always follow the lead of their customers. This is very important since you would be getting good recommendations from them. You can read their re views and references to find the best service provider in the industry.

Utilitarian Essay Topics

Utilitarian Essay TopicsUtilitarianism essay topics can help you develop an essay topic that is unique and easy to write. Some students learn best by writing, while others like to read, so you should consider writing a utilitarian essay topic before you begin writing the essay.Utilitarianism is a form of philosophy that has been around for hundreds of years. It's philosophy may not be what you think, but the arguments used to support it are certainly worth your consideration. The paper will be written in a unique way that explores the different arguments from both sides of the debate and how they differ.Utilitarian essays are a great way to expand your knowledge of a philosophy. What happens when people disagree about a certain issue? Should the person who believes in the rightness of the action to be punished for their views or should the wrongdoer be punished?A utilitarian essay will allow you to examine and come to a conclusion about these issues. A utilitarian will use different arguments to determine which side is correct and therefore should be punished. It will also be your responsibility to research the topic and provide the student with a logical argument that shows their stance is right.Writing a logical argument requires knowledge of the topic and the proper format for this information. Utilitarian essay topics can offer insight into different philosophies used to justify the actions of different people. There are various uses for these essays as well, such as asking the question 'Is it wrong to kill?'Utilitarian essay topics are an excellent place to start when you want to get a topic that is interesting and fresh. You can choose whether to write a thesis statement or not depending on how your plan to express yourself. By writing the topic on a smaller scale you will have more leeway in your presentation.With utilitarian essay topics you can easily present a topic that has depth. They don't need to be long and detailed, so you can still get a large amount of information in a short amount of time. When you are finished you will have a project that you can give to a friend or grade, which will make your student happy.Use this information to expand your knowledge of topics that you never considered before and turn your knowledge into a new topic. Utilitarianism essay topics are excellent for expanding your knowledge of philosophical topics and can help you explore new areas of philosophy. Their unique method of writing helps you present your thoughts in an interesting way. Students will love your unique knowledge about philosophy.

Slaughterhouse Five Essay

Slaughterhouse Five EssayHave you heard about the Slaughterhouse Five essay? You might not. It is a contemporary masterwork that is really difficult to put down on paper. One word describes it, twisted, twisted.'The simple character in a capital city strung up and hanged' is also one word for it. It's a book that comes alive in your hands and comes alive when you're reading it.Even with all the wonderful graphics and colors, the book remains so real, so intimate, so pure, and so real it's almost impossible to put down. I had to get back to my laptop, move on to my bookmarks, and have a nice cup of tea.'It took several months to write the book' is an author's introduction. It's a great touch, because it tells you how it felt when you started and when you finished. That last paragraph is a perfect description of the book.A book that inspires so much action is a great read. It makes you want to write and to read and to look up words and phrases. With this book, you'll never be bored.Whe n I finished the book, I was a bit confused as to how to wrap it up. I read the acknowledgments and I just knew it was good enough. 'The book won the Grady Medal,' were two more words I found myself saying, and now I read it, trying to figure out what 'grady' means.A book that gets stronger each time you read it is a great book. In Slaughterhouse Five, it seems the characters change or develop, they're put in different circumstances, and they die. It makes you want to be better and more productive and not just sit back and enjoy the ride.I will use the Slaughterhouse Five essay as a basis for a class. In fact, one of my professors has already told me that if I can work out the basics correctly, he'll give me a year to write an essay on the subject. Why not try it?

Truth About Nothing But the Truth Essay Topics

Truth About Nothing But the Truth Essay TopicsThe truth about nothing but the truth essay topics have been well documented for centuries. Nothing but the truth are a bedrock principle of law, ethics and life. But this timeless principle has also been evaluated for its effect on law enforcement and we find that the law of the land calls for truth.Truth about nothing but the truth essay topics is one of the many elements required in law enforcement training. These types of training will help the police officers learn to handle situations they may encounter. The training session should begin with a presentation of some problems that have not yet been resolved. In the future, if the officer still thinks he is being lied to or if the police officer believes that he is not being told the whole truth then he should ask for clarification.Next the officer will identify the best witness or suspect for each event and then asks the witness or suspect what happened that lead to the event. The bes t way to learn the truth is to hear the witness or suspect tell you what happened.Then the officer will attempt to clarify the facts or events to the best of his ability. This could include getting further evidence from another witness or suspect to get the best possible witness or suspect for each event.After a series of events the officer should use the process of fact checking, which involves asking the suspect or witness again for additional information regarding what happened. Sometimes the officer will check the witnesses or suspects in another room so that he can gain another unbiased view of the events.Finally, the officer may wish to use nothing but the truth essay topics during a field interview. In most instances, if you can tell the truth, you will probably not be asked anything by the officer but if you do not remember anything you may be asked questions.Nothing but the truth essay topics are part of the law enforcement training curriculum. The officer who has worked hi s way through the law enforcement training curriculum will be able to distinguish between the truth and what the person is trying to convince him or her to say.