Corporate social responsibility in UAE

Executive Summary In a region that is known for political instability and religious wars the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Federation is well known for its economic and political stability. This is a rare phenomenon in the Middle East.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Corporate social responsibility in UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The absence of political instability, visionary leadership along with other features has promoted UAE to be among the worlds most important business destinations. Great multinational corporations have established their presence in UAE due to good business environment prevailing in the federation. Furthermore, big corporations such as shell, BP and many oil exploration companies have found themselves in UAE due to rich oil deposits available for exploits. UAE is not only favorable for oil firms. Companies such as Intel, DHL have also registered there presence because of favorable ec onomic viability. With numerous local and international firms working closely in the rapidly expanding economy, corporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes a major concern to such corporations. Of greater significance are the CSR present and future roles within the local business setting. The paper discusses the UAE business performances in key areas of CSR that include community affairs, environment as well as consumer protection. Each of the industry sectors performance in these key areas varies just as the performance of each major CSR areas varies. The role of Islam in the CSR progresses in countries such as UAE materializes to be of great essence. Many enterprises appreciate the contribution of CSR to their growth and to the general development of the society. However, majority of these enterprises are not cognizant with the requirements of the CSR and how it can be integrated in their business goals.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Introduction Despite many years that corporate social responsibility concept has been studied various definitions have been proposed though the universal definition is lacking. Nevertheless many scholars have come up with some ways in which they can define CSR. To these scholars corporate social responsibility (CSR) refers to the continuing commitment by an organization to act ethically and contribute to economic growth while simultaneously enhancing the quality of life of the employees, their families, the local community, and the society at large. Models of CSR suggest that businesses should take on philanthropic responsibilities, economic responsibilities, legal responsibilities and ethical responsibilities. CSR function deals entirely with environmental issues, economic issues including marketplace as well as social issues such as the society and the government. The organizations’ argument for social resp onsibility is leveraged by several factors namely changing public expectations, public image, business resources and avoidance of regulations. CSR is the economic, ethical, legal and flexible expectation that the society has of business at a particular time. It reflects the efforts of organizations in managing operations to spawn overall positive effects on the society. Companies are currently succeeding in global market competition. To excel in a competitive market companies must increase profitability and service orientation towards stakeholders including employees, customers, suppliers, governments, communities and groups of interest. Despite the need to invest more in time and capital to implement CSR activities, companies have realized CSR importance in shaping companies image and differentiating them from other competitors.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Corporate social responsibility in UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper evaluates the concept of corporate social responsibility in relation to its adoption in UAE in an effort to establish its importance and contribution to corporate strategy. The paper begins by evaluating the conceptual framework of CSR and then proceeds to relate what this concept means to the UAE business environment. Conceptual and theoretical framework of CSR The foundation of CSR of a business organization is on five basic elements. These elements include value creation, innovation, community sense, long-term consideration as well as opening and sensitiveness to policy makers. Innovation means the constant introduction of new products in the marketplace to service consumers to create a competitive advantage. Community sense implies the liability an organization has to the community in regard to respect, requirements and provision of some products in terms of social, economic and education. Value creation as an element of CSR is very important in all business considerations as it builds up trust merit in marketplace and thinks about the most important stakeholders to a business like investors, customers and employees (Karnani, 2010). In this perspective it is imperative for an organization to create value through its operations. Indeed companies are working more for service motive rather than profit motive in an effort to enhance their competitive advantage. All businesses have to operate under corporate governance or the set of rules and procedures that protects them from adverse market issues such as frauds. Therefore, businesses and organizations should abide by the policies set by the regulating bodies such as the government alongside other recognized governing bodies. Moreover, businesses are widely recognized as long-term processes that should be sustained by considering the needs and expectations of all groups of interest (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Broader meaning of corporate social responsibility (CSR) Some scholars argue that corporate social responsibility can be defined as the commitment of businesses to pursue those strategies, decisions and actions which relates to the goals and values of the society. To some scholars, social responsibility refers to the commitment of a business or an organization beyond that which is ideally required by economics or law with respect to pursuing the long-term objectives that are favorable to the society. Generally, the different definitions refer to ethical, behavior, the environment, sustainable development and the philanthropic ideas (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). CSR reflects the importance of businesses to commit and equally satisfy the expectations and moral responsibilities at the societal level. In other words the organization and businesses must have the right conduct of accounts for the welfare of the entire local society. Corporate social responsibility has a critical role t o play in enhancing the reputation and brand image of an organization. It assists in improving sales as well as customer loyalty both locally as well as at the international levels (Karnani, 2010). It is also an important instrument used to attract and retain workers. The CSR is purposeful devised and used to provide all business organizations with a higher capability to create sustainable development and is indeed associated with such facets of sustainability. As a result many organizations have been attracted to CSR because of its contribution to increased sustainability devoid of creating negative consequences. Economic responsibility The very formation of a company is based on the economic value, the effort to provide quality products and services to each and every member of the society. The profit motivation drives the incentive for entrepreneurship. During their conceptions business and organizations entities are looked upon as the fundamental economic units in the society. Th erefore, the key obligation is provide and equally distribute products that members of the society needs and desire besides making satisfactory profits out of the production and distribution processes. As the business grows it comes a time when the idea of getting profits shifts to that of maximizing every returns or profits (Karnani, 2010). In fact, this now becomes the permanent value onwards for most organizations. All other obligations are influenced by the economic responsibilities of the organization as they become contentious considerations without them. Legal responsibility The major purpose of any business is to serve the society and therefore UAE organizations are not merely expected to focus on profit making. All together they are expected to abide by the stipulated laws and regulations that have been enacted by the government as the fundamental rules upon which the business must run. To partially fulfill the social contract between the firms and the society most of the e xisting organizations are required to pursue their corporate strategies within the needs of the legal framework. Legal responsibilities ensure that the organizations have codified ethics which enthusiastically combine with economic responsibility to form the basis of free enterprise system (Karnani, 2010). Ethical responsibility Despite the fact that the UAE legal and economic obligations have an ethical base regarding justice and fair practice, ethical obligations involve those activities that are restricted by the societal members although they are not included in the governing law or rules and regulations. These responsibilities frame those norms, principles in addition to the expectations that demonstrate concern for what stakeholders deem as fair justice in maintaining the ensuing respect and similarly protect their moral rights. Into the bargain ethical obligations can be perceived as the emerging societal values and norms a firm is expected to meet yet they may not demonstrat e a higher level of performance than that demanded by the law. Philanthropic responsibility Philanthropic obligations include those business actions that respond to the expectations of the society and clearly demonstrates and ensures that organizations being good corporate citizens. This means that UAE organizations are actively engaged in various programs and activities with sole aim of enhancing peoples’ goodwill and promote the welfare (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). These may include firms’ contribution of finances and executive time for the sake of the community-based programs. As a result the philanthropic responsibility is somewhat discretionary on the firms’ part though the society expects the organizations to provide it. The corporate social responsibility of an organization within the Unite Arabs Emirates thus involves the fulfillment of the organization’s economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic obligations. Any responsible organization sho uld and is obligated to make every effort of maximizing the accruing profits while obeying the law, acting ethically and becoming good corporate citizens. Importance of corporate social responsibility in UAE Corporate social responsibility is among the essential instruments with the most important role in governing any business irrespective of size. The more the organization fulfils social obligations the greater the chances to survive in a global and domestically challenging market environment. For instance, to prosper in the current competitive environment every business should reward the public (Mesbah, 2011). Even though businesses and the society are inter-linked as well as inter-dependent, their contribution to CSR will reflect their goodwill. In essence, corporate social responsibility widely endowed in the United Arabs Emirates tends to reduce the negative effects which might accrue to the stakeholders and creates wealth and value for them. Businesses situated within the UAE have their own capabilities to choose their employees, customers, investors and other stakeholders so that they are always given the deemed necessary priorities. The locality, size and nature of operations of such organizations and businesses often define the stakeholders’ existence. Their expectation is recognized when the business presents some effects on them in any manner. At this point an important tactic to apply in UAE environs is stakeholder mapping or the representation of the different relationship that the business has with the stakeholders according to their strength and relative proximity. In spite of the approaches broadly used in UAE it is imperative to include all relationships where the organization and the society influence each other. The organization may contemplate stakeholder involvement in order to understand its impacts and assist in articulating its mission, strategy, values, commitment and executions. Basically this in turn facilitates the process o f regulatory approvals to take part in measurements and reporting to enhance the existing relationships. The corporate social responsibility in the UAE context Environment A research that has been done in the UAE companies shows that there is compliance with the UAE environmental regulatory measures (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). The compliance with these laws remains the same across the industrial sectors. Ideally this implies that UAE industries are fully aware of the role CSR play to the surrounding environment. Several environmental laws as well as regulations were enacted by the UAE government to oversee the corporate behavior concerning the protection of the environment. The UAE federal government developed regulations that oversee the environmental impact assessment for new projects by major corporations. In return many corporations have shown their responsibility by conducting the requisite environmental impact assessment before they undertake any major project. However, t here is a wide variation according to UAE industrial sector. Trade, hotel and restaurant industries which are also regarded as the largest in UAE record seem to have insignificant rates of environmental assessment. This may be due to lack of tolerance and awareness of the local as well as international standards of environmental controls. Therefore, new environmental concepts such as eco-tourism alongside the renowned eco-hotels should be promoted and adopted by these industrial players as part of there CSR (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). This is the process purposely meant to improve the business or organizations CSR and consequently their performances within UAE. Another way in which many companies in the UAE respond to the environmental responsibility is through internal sanction especially the medium sized companies. The main reason being that the environmental impact assessment in most cases encompasses more advanced ecological management schemes whereby environmental guidelin es and commitment play an integral role (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). But this could require a more detailed examination into the level and scope in which these internal sanctions are implemented. Another important aspect in the UAE environment is the impact assessment executed to the business suppliers. Basically scores of companies situated in the UAE are obliged to report any environmental impact assessment to their suppliers. Though the pattern is uniform across the industries it is important to look into what these companies consider when conducting the assessment in the supply chain. It also important to note that, UAE has no strong regulatory framework that would provide proper enforcement in conducting fair assessment to the suppliers. Against this backdrop of fragile regulatory framework many companies have developed templates that are essential in monitoring the environmental impact assessment to the suppliers (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). In general, majority of the firms in the UAE have shown a strong commitment and compliance with both international and local environmental laws. Nevertheless not all the firms have implemented the environmental impact assessment either to the new projects or to their supply chain or even put in place the internal procedures that avoid actions which are duly deemed destructive to the environment (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). Therefore it is necessary that firms put more emphasis on issues of environmental while considering their engagement in the CSR. Companies corporate social responsibility activities should be geared towards environmental protection as well as initiatives that go beyond the rules and regulations that have been put. Community affairs Basically, several companies in the UAE engage in projects that promote goodwill activities to the surrounding communities. Corporate goodwill is totally distinct from Zakat (also known as Muslim charity) which is very common in the Middle East. Corporate goo dwill is driven by the broader concept of corporate responsibility and citizenship (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). The extent of the companies involvement in the development of the communities in which they operate is essentially a motive worth noting. For example, various companies have clear policies that are embedded on their goals and strategies on how the resources would be spent towards this endeavor. Companies that have integrated and aligned social goals in their strategies have shown sustainable improvement in their performance. This remains to be a clear indication that UAE companies should make more efficient their CSR processes and investments within the business strategies. In a situation where the alignment is not attained the corporate can achieve the realignment through a viable strategy dubbed as the multi-stakeholders approach. United Arabs Emirates firms are also socially sensitive to the community development and needs through engagement in goodwill activities. Some firms are allocating their resources towards the community goals that are generally beneficial both to the public along with the businesses. Many of these companies have come to the realization that the nature and degree of involvement in the community development is helpful in streamlining as well as directing their social initiatives (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). In contrast there is little realignment that currently exists between the companies’ business objectives and the community social giving. Consumer protection It is a requirement in the UAE that the companies conduct tests and trials that are newly launched into the market for safety and security purposes especially for those companies that are found within the manufacturing sector. Companies in the manufacturing segment are highly expected to adopt the best practices while launching their new products both in the domestic and international markets. All the same, the UAE government would not assume that corp orations will act responsibly. There are regulatory and market requirements that are clearly put in place in the manufacturing sector to ensure high degree of safety and security tests. The regulatory measures furthermore conduct post-market surveillance for new commodities and services sold to the consumers (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). Like many companies around the world, the UAE companies use consumer complaints to improve their business processes. As a key performance indicator customer complaints are in most cases taken as an important tool that arise from the stakeholder’s engagement process. This is the process purposely meant to improve the business or organizations CSR and consequently their performances. Companies that are focusing on the constant improvement are obliged to fundamentally use other important stakeholder’s engagement tools such as the employee opinion surveys (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). On the other hand stakeholder engagement tools ha ve however been underutilized by many companies in the UAE and therefore there is the need to highlight the benefits businesses gain from using such tools. For instance such tools in most instances have been essential in promoting relevant stakeholders view by providing the CSR related key performances (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011) Interestingly many corporations in the UAE still use consumer complaints as the main performance indicator that is essential in their daily improvement for the business processes. In addition loads of firms conduct tests along with trials of new products and services before they are launched into the market for safety and security purposes. In fact those firms that engage in the manufacturing sector materialize to be the best performers. The challenges One of the greatest challenge facing UAE as well as the firms that operate within the country is how to come up with a well defined CSR policies that articulate international practices whilst reflecting t he particular customs of the country. The best way firms can demonstrate the significance of CSR best practices according to UAE context is to prove that the business undertakings are consistent with and equally corresponding to the principles and shared teachings of the Islamic religion (Katsioloudes Brodtkorb, 2011). How these policies would be turned into actual performance can be fast tracked through education and constant training to all workers including the companies’ chief executive officers (CEOs). Besides there is the need for the government to tender support not only to encourage firms to adopt the best CSR practices but also to efficiently and accurately implement accompanying CSR policies. Conclusion and the way forward With numerous local and international firms working closely in the rapidly expanding economy CSR becomes a major concern to such corporations. Each of the industry sectors performance in these key areas varies just as the performance of each majo r CSR areas varies. Many enterprises appreciate the contribution of CSR to their growth and to the general development of the society. However, majority of these enterprises are not cognizant with the requirements of the CSR and how it can be integrated in their business goals. It is true that many firms in the UAE are fully aware and adopt the CSR concept in their policies and practices. According to researches that have been done over ninety percent of the UAE companies both foreign and local are strongly committed to the CSR concept. There is also an indication that there is a strong correlation between CSR practices and the companies’ performance. In deed the major drivers of the CSR are majorly the impact CSR has on the performance of the company as well as the fulfillment of the laid down rules and regulations. Putting all these facts together the conclusion that can be drawn is that there is indirect yet strong responsiveness of CSR in the UAE. This is greatly supporte d by the responsiveness of the UAE firms towards the environment, consumers and the community or societal affairs. All these responses are also supported by the strong belief in Islamic culture of giving. Islamic influences not only make such corporate responsibilities an integral part of citizens but also a necessity to the success of the businesses. Despite such awareness it is vivid that UAE companies still lack clear understanding of the CSR concept as it promulgates in other countries such as in Europe and America. Firms in UAE have no well defined CSR policies and practices except in cases where they are required to comply with the laid down regulations. It seems as though UAE firms lack expertise in the CSR that would be able to formulate CSR policies and practices according to the international standards. Without a doubt majority of the firms appreciate the importance of CSR but they rarely understand CSR policies and practices and how these policies should be put into opera tion. Overall there are several benefits associated with CSR best practices especially to the Islamic countries like UAE. Adoption of CSR will not only make possible for UAE firms to emerge in the international scene but would also improve their profits and relations with score of other the international corporations. The greater impact is that many foreign companies would be attracted to the country. Therefore if countries such as the UAE properly adopt and successfully implement CSR policies then there are higher chances of their businesses developing. References Karnani, A. (2010). The Case against Corporate Social Responsibility. Web. Katsioloudes, M. I. Brodtkorb, T. (2007). Corporate social responsibility: an exploratory study in the United Arab Emirates. Web. Katzman, K. (2011). The United Arab Emirates: Issues For US Policy – Analysis. Web. Mesbah, R. (2011). Arabia CSR Network, Embassy of Sweden and Swedish Trade Council work towards corporate responsibility in UAE. Web. This report on Corporate social responsibility in UAE was written and submitted by user Stephanie Harvey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Make Fireballs You Can Hold in Your Hand

Make Fireballs You Can Hold in Your Hand Fire is made up of light and heated gases from combustion. You can control the temperature of fire by selecting a fuel that burns with a cool flame. If you pour the fuel onto a substance that wont burn, you can make a fireball that you can hold in your hand or juggle. Here are written instructions for making your own handheld fireballs. Materials Needed to Make Fireballs 2 x 5 strip of cotton cloth (like from a t-shirt)100% cotton threadNeedleNaphtha lighter fluid (e.g., Ronsonolâ„ ¢)Match or lighter How to Make a Handheld Fireball Thread the needle with cotton thread.Tightly roll the cotton strip into a ball.Pierce the ball with the needle and wrap the ball with the thread. End by running the needle through the ball one more time and break off the thread.Soak the ball with lighter fluid. Dont soak your hands.Dont ignite the fireball while you are holding it. Set the ball on a fire-proof surface. I used a frying pan from my kitchen.If you want to hold the fireball, my recommendation is to pick it up with tongs and carefully/slowly set it on your hand. That way youll be able to tell if you can take the heat or not. Once you gain some confidence, you can pick the fireball up using your fingers. Safety Additional Information Its best to use 100% cotton fabric and thread. If the fiber is synthetic (like nylon or polyester) it might burn or melt, with unpleasant consequences.The trick to this demonstration is the fuel. It needs to be naphtha or kerosene. I have had good luck with Ronsonolâ„ ¢ and Zippoâ„ ¢ (not the butane stuff... read your ingredient list). Rubbing alcohol (isopropyl alcohol) works, but it burns a little hotter.Its pretty hard to blow the fireball out. You either need to blow hard or else suffocate the flame to extinguish it. You can set a saucepan lid over the fireball.The fireballs are reusable. Put them out when they run out of fuel or else the cotton will burn (you can tell this is happening when the ball starts to blacken and produce sooty smoke). If you get to the point where the cotton itself is burning, the fireball will be too hot to hold. Ideally, you want to extinguish the fireball before it consumes all of its fuel. Simply soak it in more lighter fluid and relight it to reuse it.Regarding holding these in your hand or doing tricks with them... the cone of the flame is hot, especially above the ball, however, the fuel burns at a relatively low temperature. The flashpoint of Ronsonolâ„ ¢ brand of naphtha is 6Â °C or 43Â ° F, with combustion mainly around 400Â °F. To put that in perspective, touching the fireball is a lot like touching a hot pizza right out of the oven (except without the sticky cheese part). Fireballs are great fun to make, but like all fire projects, use proper safety precautions and common sense. Dont get burned or set your house or yard on fire. This is a project which requires adult supervision. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About, Inc. (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Effective Leadership Within an Organisational Context Essay - 1

Effective Leadership Within an Organisational Context - Essay Example This intentional feature of acquiescence distinguishes from the various kinds of manipulations reliant on recognized or official power. The final aspect focuses on the fact that the consequences of leadership lead to deriving desired behavior from the followers. These desired actions are supposed to be decisive and are targeted towards an objective in a particular organisation structure. Leadership has been considered immensely significant with regard to the organizations. Leadership is the procedure which ascertains the attainment of the organizational objectives by all the individuals which also helps the organizations to achieve success. The notion of leadership entails the factor of influence. Leadership takes into concern the ways by which the followers are manipulated by the leader. Influence is considered to be an integral part of leadership as leadership would cease to exist without the presence or inclusion of manipulation. Leadership is also believed to take place in groups. The chief purpose of leadership entails manipulating a group consisting of various individuals involved with a common objective. The referred group could be a particular community group, little task group or even a big group representing a complete organization. Leadership refers to the process that is undertaken by a single individual to manipulate a particular group for the reason of attainment of objectives (Northouse, 2009). Leadership also entails the focus towards a common objective. The forces as well powers of leaders are bestowed towards particular or definite individuals who attempt and desire to accomplish something together. Common objective implies that the followers, as well as the leaders, look forward to a mutual objective. The focus towards common objectives provides the facet of leadership a moral implication as it emphasizes on the requirement of the leaders to put in their efforts along with their followers for the reason of attaining chosen objectives.

The Negro Speaks of Rivers by (Langston Hughes) Essay

The Negro Speaks of Rivers by (Langston Hughes) - Essay Example 7) and who "heard the singing of the Mississippi when Abe Lincoln went down to New Orleans," (l. 8) represents all Black people. Their presence and contributions to the development of civilization is ancient and timeless, like the rivers. I found this poem to be powerful and moving, and it made me feel joyous and uplifted, yet humbled by what it portrayed. I felt that Hughes was rightfully proud of his race, that he understood the importance of his ancestors and that for him, history was a testament to the strength of his people. The opening line "I've known rivers", is so simple, but when repeated and added to in the words that follow, gathers and sends a powerful message. Rivers are the lifeblood of the planet, and he links that idea to humanity with "flow of blood in human veins" (l. 3). By joining body and soul: "My soul has grown deep like the rivers" ( l. 5 and 13), he expressed the truth about all of us. We are all body and soul. But he is stating that the Black soul has withstood much and held fast to wisdom and strength. With the repetition of the words "I've known rivers/Ancient, dusky rivers, (l. 11-12) he brings to life the dark skin of his people and there is pride in the depth of his and their souls at the end of the poem.

Heroes and Heroines in American Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Heroes and Heroines in American Education - Essay Example Today, the United States is still the land of opportunity for the common man. Hundreds of thousands of people all over the world still would like to come to America and live here, centuries after the first European settlers made it their New World. And yet for young Americans, the heroes and heroines have increasingly been limited to what they see on television, films and those who excel in sports. This is due to the pervasiveness of media that has even taken over the role of educating the minds and ways of the youth, away from that of the schools and even to a certain extent, the family. Young people watch television many hours a day and even babies are weaned on cartoons. Likewise, Hollywood news and the latest victory of a Tiger Woods or a Roger Federer take much of the time and attention of youngsters. The way that young America is idolizing or making heroes out of actors and sports stars should be taken into a certain perspective in as much as the positive influence of empowerment is more often a case of make-believe (in the case of film stars for there is no sure way to tell the spin from the actual or the real ) and rarely goes beyond individual achievement (in the case of sports heroes, except probably with Michael Jor dan who was recognized not only a superb individual player but an outstanding team player as well). Real heroes and heroines on the othe

The Structure And Function Of Proteins Biology Essay

The Structure And Function Of Proteins Biology Essay Proteins are large macromolecules which consist of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen; proteins are polymeric chains that are built from monomers known as amino acids. Proteins have a major function in a living organism, for example, the replication of DNA, catalysing metabolic reactions (catalyst); stimulus response and also transporting molecules form one place to another. There are 20 different types of amino acids which synthesize proteins, however the function and different properties of each type of protein is due to the precise sequence and structure of the amino acids present. Each amino acid consists of a central carbon atom (C), which is attached to a hydrogen atom (H), an amino group (also known as NH2 group), a carboxyl group (- COOH, this gives up a proton hence why this is known as an acid) and also a unique side chain or R group. Amino acids are linked linearly via covalent peptide bonds, short chain amino acids are known as peptides whereas long chain formations of amino acids are called polypeptides, where the peptide bond is formed between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group on the neighbouring amino acid. This reaction occurs as a condensation reaction where there is a removal of a hydrogen atom from the amino group of one amino acid and the removal of a à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬OH group from the carboxyl acid from another amino acid forming a water molecule (Fig 1). http://ibhumanbiochemistry.wikispaces.com/file/view/CondensationReaction.jpg/31781961/CondensationReaction.jpg Fig 1: a condensation reaction between two amino acid molecules, there is a formation of a water molecule as a waste product. The unique side chain or R group is what disguises one amino acid from another; the overall structure and properties of the proteins are therefore dependent on sequence of the R group of each amino acid. Furthermore these variations of the R group and also the arrangements of the other amino acids would form a number of different polypeptides. Each protein consists of a different number of these polypeptide chains which are folded into complex three dimensional shapes therefore different proteins would have different shapes. There are four levels of protein organization found in polypeptides; these structures are known as: primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and also quaternary structure. Primary structures is the basic structure of the levels of organization, the primary structure is the linear arrangements/sequence found of the amino acid in the protein, and also could be thought of as the covalent linkages found in the polypeptide chain or the protein, such as a disulphide bond. The secondary structure is the areas of folding found within the protein, where there is an ordered arrangement of the amino acids in some localized regions of the polypeptide molecule; hydrogen bonds play a vital role in stabilizing the folding patterns which are found in the protein molecule. Although the conformation of each protein molecule are considered unique, there are two main types of secondary structure, or folding patterns, that are often present; these are the alpha helix and the anti-parallel beta-pleated sheets, these two folding patterns are common due to the hydrogen bonding occurs between the N-H and C=O groups in the backbone of the polypeptide. However there are a number of other secondary structures but the alpha helix and the anti-parallel sheets are the most stable form of secondary structures found. Furthermore there may be a number of these two types of secondary structure found in a single polypeptide chain. An alpha helix is spiral structure where this could be either a right handed or left handed spiral, in which the peptide bonds are found to be Trans conformational and planar, it would also be found that the amino group of each of the peptide bonds is generally in the upward position where as the carboxyl group points in the downwards position. An alpha helix structure is generated when a single polypeptide chain has turned around itself to form a rigid cylinder where a hydrogen bond is formed between every fourth amino acid (fig 1.2), which links the C=O group of one peptide bond to the N-H group on another amino acid (fig 1.2). http://faculty.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit3/viruses/images/alphahelix.jpg Fig 1.2: shows the hydrogen bond formed between every fourth amino acid, also linking the N-H group and O=H group. There are two types of beta sheets; parallel and anti-parallel beta sheets. The Beta pleated sheets are extended polypeptide chains with another neighbouring polypeptide chain extending either parallel or anti-parallel to each other, this occurs due to the hydrogen bonds being formed between the segments of the polypeptide chain so are essentially place side by side. The parallel beta sheets is when the structure is shown to consist a polypeptide chain and neighbouring polypeptide chain that would run in the same direction (from the N-terminus to the C-terminus), is known as the parallel beta sheet (Fig 2.1), whereas when the polypeptide chain runs in the opposite direction of that of its neighbouring chain, it is known as an anti-parallel beta sheet (Fig 2.2). http://t2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSXEJyNbzn7F6PlFREwMGrUg4oz5Ysk1Fho12R9GMWzGFSIQjfK9M9bVZ80 Fig 2.1: shows the parallel beta sheets, the dotted line represents hydrogen bonds. The polypeptide chains shown are placed side by side but run in the same direction so are parallel to each other. Fig 2.2: shows the anti-parallel beta sheets, the dotted line represents hydrogen bonds. The polypeptide chains shown are placed side by side but run in the opposite direction so are anti-parallel to each other. The beta sheet are stable structures that produces a very rigid, pleated structure; this is due to the beta sheet being stabilized by hydrogen bond being formed between the amino group on one polypeptide chain and the carboxyl group on the adjacent chain. The tertiary structure of a protein is the full three dimensional structure of the arrangements of atoms found within the polypeptide chain, this structure is the final geometric shape that protein assume and would be the highest level structure that a protein can attain, the structures include the alpha helix, beta sheets, random coils and also other structures such as loops and folds, which are formed between the N-terminus and the C-terminus. The tertiary structure is mainly stabilized by the formation of disulphide bonds, this is also known as a disulphide bridge because these bonds are formed by oxidation reaction of the side chains of cysteine, by oxidizing the two thiol groups (SH) which would form a disulphide bond (S-S) (fig 3). http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/563cysdisulfide.gif Fig 3: Shows the equation of an oxidation reaction in the tertiary structure to form a disulphide bridge (S-S), where a molecule of water is formed. The quaternary structure of a protein is the arrangements of many different types of coiled and folded polypeptides to form a unique functional protein and is stabilized by several non-covalent bonding, where some of these types of bonding are also found in tertiary structures, for example; hydrogen bonding, Van Der Waals interactions, hydrophobic interactions and also ionic interactions. These can occur if there is more than one polypeptide chain present in a complex protein.

Africana Womanism: An Historical, Global Prespective for Women of African Descent :: essays research papers

â€Å"Africana Womanism: An Historical, Global Prespective for Women of African Descent† â€Å"Africana Womanism: An Historical, Global Perspective for Women of African Descent† is an essay based on Africana Womanism and how it compares to white feminism. The essay was written by Clenora Hudson-Weems, an African American writer and literary critic. She was born in Oxford, Mississippi and she was raised in Memphis, Tennessee. I will compare Africana Womanism and Feminism and discuss the definition of the two the topics. Also I will discuss the important historical figures that are womanists. I think the issue is important because the common misconception is that a womanist and a feminist are the same thing but they are totally different. A womanist is more family oriented and feminists are dealing with the empowerment of themselves. Clenora Hudson-Weems wrote â€Å"Africana Womanism: An Historical, Global Perspective for Women of African Descent† and it was about womanism. Another word for womanism is feminism, and feminism is defined as the empowerment of woman. In the era of women’s rights, women were not treated as equals, especially black women. Colored women could not get any equality or any empowerment unless they live in a community which they can establish their own racial and cultural integrity. White women and Africana both have the same amount of rights but white women had better accommodations as far as restrooms, water fountains, swimming pools, and everything else that is segregated. I think that Africana women were oppressed more than white women. I believe that black women should be treated just as equally as white women. Africana women are fighting for civil rights and women’s rights. Africana women have been more concerned for the whole Africana community. Their main priori ty is â€Å"†¦race empowerment, with class and gender following†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Weems, 80). Womanism was important in the Africana community because the Africana women was trying empower not just themselves but empower the whole Africana community. For example, Harriet Tubman (Underground Railroad conductor), â€Å"risked her life time and again in freeing Africana men, women, and children in slavery, thereby establishing her commitment to racial parity†(Weems, 80). The crucial role of an Africana woman is that many Africana academicians accepted the idea of female empowerment so that the level of struggle or concerns of Africana women are noticeable. Many people think because a woman is a feminist, that she is oppressed with gender issues, but an Africana woman are traditionally family centered.

Bad news letter Essay

Your order for five Canon LPB-8 A1 Laser Printers arrived today. This lightweight, rapid-speed, letter quality printer is the leading machine in the field.  Our main function is to purchase office equipment in large quantities and then resell it to retailers. In order to do this most efficiently, we ask that all orders be for at least 12 units. If you will call me at 551-5656 and increase your order to a dozen or more, your machines will be shipped within three days. Should you feel that this order is too large, Harrison & Sons, Inc, a retailer in your area, should be able to provide you with excellent service.(Give a solution) Their price will be slightly higher than ours, but they have a fine reputation for sales and service. You can reach them at 227-0404. The first paragraph, the buffer, discusses the quality of the machine, a fact with which both the buyer and the seller can agree. The reasons for the bad news and the bad news itself are presented in sequential order. The third paragraph offers a solution for the problem. The final close offers an alternative. In writing a bad news letter, every effort should be made to reduce the impact. A well-written bad news letter will accomplish three objectives: 1. The reader will realise that the bad news decision is final. 2. The person will understand that the decision was both fair and reasonable. 3. The reader’s attitude towards the writer and the company will remain positive. A bad news letter has four elements: buffer, reasons, decision and close. They are discussed in detail on the next pages. Buffer A buffer is a neutral or non-controversial statement that is used to open a bad news letter. The most effective buffers have four characteristics: 1. they are pleasant; 2. they are relevant to the issue; 3. they are neutral in tone, saying neither yes nor no; 4. they provide a transition to the next part of the letter where the reasons for the decision are discussed. 1. pleasant, offering assistance We like to help our customers as much as we realistically can. 2. relevant and fair We have carefully reviewed your application for an extension of credit with our firm. 3. neutral, finding a point on which the writer and the reader can agree. The objective of a credit line should be to make one’s financial obligations easier to manage. DON’TS ï‚ · Avoid saying no at the beginning of the letter. This will discourage the individual from reading the rest of the message and defeat the effort to present the news in an indirect manner. ï‚ · Do not apologise. An apology weakens the reasons that follow and may lead the reader to conclude that the rejection was unnecessary. ï‚ · Avoid writing an overly long opening paragraph. â€Å"We are in receipt of your letter of January 18† adds nothing to the letter and may give the reader the impression that the writer is stalling for time. ï‚ · Do not use a â€Å"know-it-all† tone. â€Å"Our years of experience have shown us that †¦.† is likely to be negatively received. Reasons To justify the bad news decision and to explain the situation to your reader, you give reasons for the negative decision. Four guidelines are: 1. Do not hide behind company policy. Explain the specific reasons behind the policy rather than mentioning the policy itself. 2. Do not talk down to the reader. 3. Do not be so brief that the reader is unable to follow your explanation. We have reviewed your request for an increase in your credit line and have decided to take no action at this time. 4. Avoid using negative words that are likely to upset the reader. (mistake, error, will not, regrettably, dismayed, cannot, fault, wrong, unable). Decision Make a clear statement of the decision. In many cases the refusal does not have to be explained in detail, because the previous section has already conveyed the decision. If it has not, then this is the time to do so. There are three useful techniques: 1. Give the refusal a minimum amount of space. 2. Put the refusal in the middle of the paragraph. 3. Use the passive voice Active: Since you forgot to send in the refund request until after the assigned period, we are unable to give you the refund. Passive: Since your request for a refund was received after the assigned period, we are unable to grant your request for a refund. Don’t use indirect approach. Get to the point quickly Positive Close End the letter on a positive note. This depends on the situation. For example, in the case of a person who wants an extension of credit, the writer could recommend purchasing the goods for cash. In the case of a customer who has made a mistake and now wants the order refilled for free, the writer could offer a discount on future orders. However the close is written, it should keep the customer’s goodwill. Do not: ï‚ · bring up the refusal again ï‚ · apologise for the decision ï‚ · ask for a continuance of the correspondence. The closing statement: If you have any further questions about our decision, do not hesitate to write. indicates that the matter is not closed. ï‚ · use clichà ©s. If we can be of help in the future, please let us know has no real meaning. The reader has just been refused something; he is unlikely to believe the statement. Summary A bad news message should make clear that the bad news decision is final but is also fair and reasonable. It should be written in such a way that the reader’s attitude towards the writer and the company remains positive. Bad news messages usually follow the indirect approach. They have four elements: buffer, reasons, decision and positive close.

Child Abuse

Child Abuse Child abuse occurs like a virus. Child abuse remains not only an individual or family problem but a societal problem. Children who survive abuse grow up more plausible to negatively impact society in many ways. The effects of child abuse on its victims are devastating and life-long. The effects on society are pervasive. Many possible outcomes exist for children experiencing abuse, which range from mild, almost unnoticeable personality effects to full-blown breakdowns in healthy functioning. Effects of child abuse implement various critical problems: physical, psychological, and behavioral.The first significant dilemma triggered by child abuse includes physical oppression. The usual physical abuse scenario involves a parent who losses control and lashes out at a child. The source may be normal child behavior that causes the parent to house deep-rooted negative feelings toward their children. These types of situations lead to numerous complications for the children and may cause a chil d to display fearful behavior.Illegal Drug Addiction and Substance AbuseAny abuse which results in a sever injury requiring prompt medical attention, that could be life threatening, that could cause mental and/or physical impairment, could cause disfigurement, or chronic pain is too classified as physical child abuse. Another form of physical abuse is any knowing or willful mistreatment which in the opinion of a licensed medical doctor causes great bodily harm and/or results in hospitalization for treatment of this injury or condition; this may include physical injury sustained as a result of abuse or conditions which result from a parent's willful failure to act to stop this from happening to the child.Physical neglect is defined as failure to provide for a child's physical survival needs to the extent that there is harm or risk of harm to the child's health and safety. Physical neglect includes these...

English Essay Writing

English Essay Writing English Essay Writing English Essay Writing Writing an essay is not an easy work. The success of your work depends on the topic and the type of the college essay. Critical, expository, argumentative are definitely the most difficult ones. Narrative essay, for example, is easier to write, because this type of English essay is like a story telling. You can write whatever you want in such essay. English essay writing requires ability to think and analyze information. Essay topics are usually proposed by the teacher, but if you have such an opportunity to make your own choice, select the one you like the most. However, be sure you would be able to present the topic in a good way. Here is an essay example on the 'Benefits of the plastic surgery'. (Introduction) Nowadays plastic surgery is widely used in the modern world.   (Thesis) The great thing about plastic surgery is that the benefits can be both physical and emotional, external and internal. The physical benefits of plastic surgery are, though, multi-faceted. (Body paragraph) The first thing that many people notice after plastic surgery is that their bodies seem more proportional or balanced. Whether a person prefers to have surgery on their face, hips, breasts or things, the aim is to sculpt the body in a way that looks natural. The result often allows people to look more like they feel like they should look. (Argumentation) This may sound strange, however a nose that is too large for a particular person's face or a bust that is too large or too small can blur all of this person's other features making them seem disproportionate. Surgeons aim to correct this by taking individual's body into consideration before deciding on a desired result. The physical result of plastic surgery often produces a healthier look and people who undergo surgery report that healthier look permeate their entire lifestyle. People who have surgeries like liposuction and breast reduction usually feel that their new bodies allow them to participate in physical activities that they wouldn't have considered before surgery. Plastic surgery can open new doors to people who are scared to take on activity like swimming and aerobics because of the lack of the clothing involved and the way they felt that they would be looked at by other people. (Conclusion) Whether a person chooses to undergo plastic surgery to improve his/her lifestyle or to improve his/her look, there will always be emotional benefits and a person finally becomes enabled to feel comfortable in their body. Many people find that they are more outgoing, personable and confident when they become accustomed to their transformation and this can be a benefit that lasts a lifetime. We hope this example of the English essay writing helps you to understand the structure of the academic essay writing. Try to select interesting topic and attract your reader's attention while writing English essay. A good college essay requires good skills of argumentation. While writing an essay make a plan, think about examples. You should present your point of view in an essay. Ordering custom essay writing assistance at .Com, you receive 100% plagiarism free essay written in accordance to the instruction you provide.   We are never later with delivery, and we always pay attention to your needs and requirements.

Tracey Emin Something Wrong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Tracey Emin Something Wrong - Essay Example 6). However, emergence of modernism in the Western social and intellectual discourse has contributed to a great extent in immense popularization of this art form and currently it is considered as â€Å"the most universal of all the arts† (Newark, 2002, p. 6). Freedom of expression and reflection of spontaneous human emotions are important traits of modernist consciousness. One of the important reasons for wide acceptance of graphic design is that it encompasses both these aspects and an artistic mind receives a great deal of liberty to express his/her reflection about the society or events happening around through symbolic yet explicit use of imageries. William Addison Dwiggins, considered as the father of modern graphic design, has clearly pronounced his observation regarding application of this art form as, â€Å"The printing designer’s whole duty is to make a clear presentation of the message – to get the important statements forward and the minor parts place d so that they will not be overlooked† (Dwiggins; Newark, 2002, p. 10). Such observation clearly suggests that graphic design not only emphasizes over certain important aspects that the artist whishes to focus; rather it elaborates an entirety of observation of the human existence in the modern situation, where every single emotional expression receives equally important treatment from the respective artist. The cosmopolitan social existence of the modern era is a very vital factor, which has provided an extra boost to wide acceptance of graphic design. In addition to this factor, evolution of feminism and Women’s Art Movement during the 70s helped in providing a new dimension to the entire scenario of artistry (Pollock and Sauron, 2007, p. 215). Though constitutionally the Western nations were emphasizing over the aspect of freedom of speech and expression but compared to men, their female counterparts were

Contemporary and Classic artworks Research Paper

Contemporary and Classic artworks - Research Paper Example The essay "THREE contemporary artworks" discovers the Three Artworks Illustrating The Aspect Of Interdisciplinary Practice. The genre of the sound is taken to be a contemporary artwork and is it an interdisciplinary based on nature. The artwork of sound can take a form of hybrid. The major difference between the sound art and the traditional way of painting is that, the art of sound encourages the concentration on the aural stimulation while the art of traditional painting concentrates on pleasing the eye. In the discipline of sound art, there is the use of music or rather sound technology to bring out the artwork in it. Sound art always focuses on the aesthetic ways of conveying sound. This is the best approach in sound art as it values the music and sound in it to be a worthwhile form as per the consideration of the history of arts. Now days, the art of sound can involve sound tools such as the noise sound, electronics and media which is definitely audio. Also, the environmental so und, sounds from the body of the human beings, acoustics and many more tools can be involved in the art of sound. Only significant and relevant tools or rather subjects which are part of the artwork which is contemporary can be used in the art of sound. According to the current scholars, the art of sound has now changed its role in the art of contemporary and also in its vocabulary of sound so as to fit in its works which are new unlike the art of classical discipline. Also, currently sound art has become more diversified.